The Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, each with a unique name, sound, and uppercase and lowercase form. Mastering the alphabet is the first step in learning Greek.

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Greek Alphabet Chart

Letter Name	Uppercase	Lowercase	Pronunciation	Example
Alpha	Α	α	a as in “father”	ανθρωπος (anthropos)
Beta	Β	β	v as in “voice”	βιβλίο (vivlio)
Gamma	Γ	γ	y as in “yes” or g as in “go”	γέφυρα (gefira)
Delta	Δ	δ	th as in “this”	δίχτα (dichta)
Epsilon	Ε	ε	e as in “bed”	ελλην (ellen)
Zeta	Ζ	ζ	z as in “zebra”	ζώης (zois)
Eta	Η	η	i as in “machine”	κόσμος (cosmos)
Theta	Θ	θ	th as in “theory”	θαλάσσα (thalássa)
Iota	Ι	ι	i as in “machine”	ιδέα (idea)
Kappa	Κ	κ	k as in “kite”	κλέι (kléi)
Lambda	Λ	λ	l as in “lion”	λύκος (lýkos)
Mu	Μ	μ	m as in “man”	μήτερα (ḿetera)
Nu	Ν	ν	n as in “net”	νότος (nótos)
Xi	Ξ	ξ	x as in “box”	ξένον (xénon)
Omicron	Ο	ο	o as in “not”	ομόρφωση (omórfosi)
Pi	Π	π	p as in “pie”	πολύ (polý)
Rho	Ρ	ρ	r as in “red”	ρόδος (ródos)
Sigma	Σ	σ, ς	s as in “sun”	στίλο (stílo)
Tau	Τ	τ	t as in “top”	τόπος (tópos)
Upsilon	Υ	υ	ee as in “see”	ύψη (ýpsi)
Phi	Φ	φ	f as in “phone”	φως (fos)
Chi	Χ	χ	kh as in “loch”	χαρά (chará)
Psi	Ψ	ψ	ps as in “lips”	ψαλί (psalí)
Omega	Ω	ω	o as in “go”	ωραίο (oráio)

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Key Tips for Learning the Alphabet

1. Break It Down: Focus on a few letters at a time.
2. Use Flashcards: Pair letters with their pronunciations and examples.
3. Practice Writing: Write the uppercase and lowercase forms repeatedly.

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Activity

1. Write each letter five times in both uppercase and lowercase.
2. Pronounce each letter aloud as you write.
3. Match each letter to its example word.